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242 structures · 19 families · A1–C2
English grammar, explained in English and Hindi
A complete grammar reference written for Indian learners. Every structure carries three things a textbook usually leaves out: the shape, real example sentences with the Hindi they come from, and the sentence an Indian-English speaker actually says wrong.
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A routine, or right now?
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Past
Now
She walks to college every day.
A repeating routine, rather than one exact moment.
Rebuild the reference sentence about a routine.
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See the reference sentence
She walks to college every day.
With she, a present simple statement uses walks. Every day describes the routine.
Question 1 of 1
Choose an answer, then check why it fits.
This is a check of this example, not an English level assessment.
Example 1 of 3
Read the examples as text
She walks to college every day. A routine; present simple.
She is walking to college now. An action in progress; present continuous.
She walked to college yesterday. A finished past event; past simple.
Why this one is different
Most grammar references were written for a general learner and translated for you afterwards. This one was written the other way round. Every mistake listed is one an Indian-English speaker genuinely produces — “since two years”, “I did not went”, “although…but” — and every explanation is given in English and in Hindi, because a rule you understand in Hindi is a rule you can use in English.
Browse by grammar topic
Nineteen families, in roughly the order they are needed. Start at the top if you are starting.
Twelve, if you count each combination of time and aspect: past, present and future, each in simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous form. In practice five of them carry almost all everyday speech — present simple, present continuous, past simple, present perfect and "will" for the future — and the other seven are worth learning once those five are automatic.
Which English grammar should I learn first?
Word order, then the present simple, then the past simple. English fixes the subject before the verb where Hindi puts the verb last, so the sentence has to be rebuilt rather than translated — and until that is automatic, every other rule is being applied to a broken frame. After those three, the present perfect is the single highest-value structure for an Indian learner, because "since two years" instead of "for two years" is the most common error in Indian English.
Why do I know English grammar but still cannot speak?
Because grammar was taught to you as something to identify, not something to produce. You can name the present perfect in an exam and still not reach for it in a conversation, since recognising a structure and generating one under time pressure are different skills with different practice. The fix is production practice: build the sentence yourself, out loud or in writing, and get it corrected — which is what CoCap is for.
Is CoCap’s grammar reference free?
Yes. Every page on this site is free to read with no account, and the practice inside the app is free too — there are no plans and no card.
Looking for phrases rather than rules? The speaking pages index the same English by what you are trying to do — an interview, a phone call, a shop — rather than by what the grammar is called.
Reading it is not the same as saying it.
Reading grammar is not the same as producing it. CoCap gives you a Hindi sentence, you write the English, and Kaira corrects one thing at a time.