Opening your workspace
Getting things ready…
Getting things ready…
We use cookies to understand usage and improve CoCap.
Balanced
English stays the learning language. Your selected language is used for help where support is available. The exact challenge value is carried into CoCap practice.
Prepositions · CEFR B1 · Independent
A verb straight after a preposition always takes -ing. There are no exceptions worth learning.
Rebuild this lesson’s reference sentence. Other tasks can have other valid word orders.
Tap words to add or remove them. Drag words into the answer, or use the buttons. Arrow keys move a selected word.
He left without saying goodbye.
after / without / before / by + verb-ing
Question 1 of 1
Choose an answer, then check why it fits.
This is a check of this example, not an English level assessment.
Example 1 of 1
He left without saying goodbye.
After a preposition the verb takes -ing, never "to".
The shape
after / without / before / by + verb-ing
Put a verb after a preposition without breaking it.
In Hindi
preposition के तुरंत बाद आने वाली क्रिया में हमेशा -ing लगता है। इसका कोई अपवाद नहीं।
CoCap explains every structure in both languages, because a rule you understand in Hindi is a rule you can use in English.
The sentence Indian-English speakers actually produce, and the reason it is wrong.
| Commonly said | Correct English |
|---|---|
He left without to say goodbye. | He left without saying goodbye. After a preposition the verb takes -ing, never "to". |
Close enough to be mixed up with this one. Knowing the difference is most of knowing either.
Where this structure sits in the ladder, and what surrounds it.
Preposition + -ing is a CEFR B1 structure — the independent band — and it belongs to prepositions. CoCap’s syllabus files every structure this way so you can learn in order instead of jumping between whatever a search happened to return.
Read and practise these examples without an account. Try Kyra on the homepage; create an account when you want to save your progress.
Try it with Kyra →